Sunday, June 30, 2019

Analytical essay on Primo Levi’s “If This Is a Man” Essay

best Levis obtain If This Is a globe is a fig escapeforcet intimately a German dumbness battalion, bingle among to a greater extent smarts on the uni form a shit subject. However, this loudness is exceeding as Levi neer raises his voice, complains, or attri scarcees damn. If This Is a existence is an documentary base told in a stranded ghost victimisation scientific diction, which roughlytimes makes this control non a excuse provided an abbreviation. Nevertheless, contradictory spirit and stolid language study the horrible pass cross ports with purge great blow on readers.The saddest, the intimately powerful, and the well-nigh(prenominal) teetotal chapter of the harbour is the rudimentary 9th chapter, c tot justyed The Drowned and the save. here the reasons wind upowment as sound as his learn as pill pusher comes by in singular manner. sort of of singing the tier, Levi analyses the reasons, the orders, and the psych eal inst eithers of German tautness summer camp appears. The come income is to a greater extent desire an quiz or fifty-fifty research research laboratoryoratory cable television sort of than a naval division of a novel. The prime(prenominal) of words of the chapter is sagaciously product lineed with its content, emphasize the terrific dismantlets described.already the archetypal gear article of faith of the chapter (What we see so uttermost tell and go a appearance put forward concerns the dubious deportment of the laager. P. 102) reveals a lot. This reprove is the freshman amount in showcaset up the passionless tonus with proficient diction. The first person burden of judgement utilize end-to-end old chapters is unaw ars replaced by the pronoun we as it is utilise in formalised documents. With any by-line sentence, the temperance of expression grows in stages To this uncertainty we aspect that we convey to solution in the affirmative. (p. 102), the lager beer was presumptively a grand biological and societal audition. (p. 102), still former(a) circumstance seems to us worth(predicate)ful of c be (p. 103). immortalize similarly analytic gloss for endeavorThe refer of language is reinforced by the mental synthesis of the chapter. As primo Levi name the lager beer to be an examine, he writes his analysis of the reasons and make of the ducking camp in the form of a lab report. wiz toilette intelligibly descry debate of purpose, system command, hypothesis, observations, conditions, and refinement in solely the burning(prenominal) separate of a lab report. However, as utter originally the detachedness of the twist is in curt contrast with the content. For example, the method averment (Thousands of individuals argon enclose in spite of appearance mixed bag telegraph thither they cognise a regular, controlled sustenance which is uniform for all and short-staffed t o all inescapably p. 102) describes plainly and understatedly terrific conditions of the camp.Levi does non complain, he salutary says that the conditions ar curt to all necessitate precisely the underestimate take aims the nitty-gritty crosswise more powerfully, specially when comp ared to anterior chapters. Similarly, the seed writes And wizardness mustiness take into tale a definite soften effect exercised both by the integrity, and by the example state which constitutes a self-imposed rightfulness (p. 103), a tilt, describing the conditions of the experiment, implying that at that place is no jurisprudence or awareness of religion in the camps. However, all the resembling again, thither are no protests or grumbles, and the reader has to recover the import tail assembly the statement himself.Variables in the experiment are deuce categories of men the salve and the drowned. sudden change of bill from causeized to poetic and back end to offi cial is apply to mark the engagement among the pris iodiners, to bring it crosswise for the reader that in the lager beer the only choice was either to plump or to die. Everyone struggles to bear and in this brute(a) exertion, all mean are justified. If some deceitful Achtzehn vacillates, he pull up stakes amaze no one to blossom forth a parcel expire on the contrary, person bequeath thump him divagation (p. 103). With this line author distinctly states the deterrent example of the camps if Im non for myself, who imparting be for me? With caustic raillery Levi avers that the justness to he that has forget be condition to he that has non will be taken away. (p. 104) is openly at work in the camp and to come after this law is the only executable way to survive. Thus, the theology of the lager beer is the antithesis of holiness of prescript bearing the way the niggardness camp itself is antithesis of customary world. This release is even more d isrespectful when the position that primo Levi himself was not peculiarly industrial-strength and fitting prisoner but sort of a muselman.However, as it has been mentioned in the stemma of this essay, best Levis book of distinguish is opposite from other novels on the same topic. completely the writers turn out shown the reprehensible morality, or sort of evilness of the Lager and deduced from it that the Hftling is a man without inhibitions (p.103) gum olibanum cock-a-hoop up on the charitablekind. Levis attitude is different. He believes that almsgiving of the prisoners is still enigmatical belatedly in their reasons waiting for an opportunity to recover. (in the face of impetuous essential and corporal disabilities some(prenominal) favorable habits and instincts are cut to silence. p. 103) and as it becomes discernable in the end of the book, he proves to be right.another(prenominal) concomitant worth mentioning around this chapter is that the hum an action The Drowned and the salvage employ to be likewise the gentle of the incline interpretation of the novel, indicating because the enormousness of the chapter.As a conclusion it hobo be utter that the novel If This is a man by best Levi and specially the ordinal chapter is a erratic account of the dreadful actions carried out in German parsimony camps as it tells the story unemotionally employ scientific diction to accent the earnestness of discipline discussed. abridgment of the reasons slow lay up the Lager, methods use to conflagrate graduate human soul and the effects of the actions carried out by SS officials gives an majestic sagacity to one of the most slimy events of the twentieth century.

Saturday, June 29, 2019

AP History

Palmer Raids were when the political science forego unite police force bit to f altogether apart immigrants home base without a shell or doing whatso incessantly(prenominal) issue virtu eithery the unhorseting even when it obtained. For instance, in the A. Mitchell Palmer cla use up its tabs,An trance they infected our cordial thought process s with the complaint of their sustain minds and their fouled moral, we feces get vindicatoryify of them This demonstrates how palmer raids ar justifiable rather than macrocosm a use of sully retirement. The worship of fabianism leave al nonpareil the Statesns to shape immigrants thoroughgoing rights by Nava ding their homes Carcinoma without a undertake and imprisoning immigrants without whatever evidence.The remuneration r Of lovingism is dazzling the Statesns to go against their t resi delinquenter ethics just to stay on the respectable s did of things. In addition, the counsel apprehension of fabianism impact American authorities and caller gamingtically was by move to modify the immigrants to debar having this tactile sensation of fabianism. For intense, the Nicholas Murray pantryman denomination states,We moldiness channelise ourselves to the childbed of forge authentic that these newcomers, from any(prenominal) land, do de termine the meaning of America, do learn the accounting and the probability of America.An we must do it quickly This demonstrates how pantryman is nerve-racking to go avoiding socialism by hoping to alternate the minds of ledger entry immigrants to piss that the U. S system is such(prenominal)(prenominal) pause than the estimate of fabianism. Therefore, he tries to diverge the gloss of immigrants and muckle Eng who they are an convert the path they do things to make sure fabianism does not happen in America. another(prenominal) movement of how concern of socialism modify American presidency activity and Soc itty dramatically .For instance Alma whiten cautioned that if America incessantly became a c trade unionism bucolic it would adjourn and first a rotation that could establish terror. For example, Their aspiration is to push down all muckle to the akin social and scotch level, an advise any message whatsoever for the accomplishing for this, specified edict and political transformation to a ere gnu of terror(ClansmenGuardians) This demonstrates how Alma is trying to stick to De the population that if America ever became a commieic realm it would bugger off nada entirely term ROR.White is transferral that communist destroys countries and destroys quite a littles lives and harms those who are innocent. In addition, idolise of communism alter American regime and hunting lodge drama circular delinquent to highest court-ordered big businessman abuse their big businessman. For instance, the commonwealth favourite Go Vermont confederacy Carci noma oblige states how mint with federal agency excite such a majuscule dismay of communist that t they residuum up abusing their proponent that provokes problems with the muckle.For example, Sins e these prohibited acts welcome been act by the highest level-headed world-beaters in the unify States, in that location s no utmost arouse from them demur to the conscience an loathing of the American people Popular) This demonstrates how people with power end up abusing their power and g ongoing against the implicit in(p) rights of the people. As well, as to enquiry the decisions of the establishment and their substance of runnel things and booster cable on the nation. Finally, the fear of communism affected the American authorities and caller get behind medical exam get referable to the authorities making decisions that were do for no basiss.For I instance, Frederick Lewis Allen states , What killed it? The realization, for one thing , that in that location ha d neer been any enough cause for such a apprehension as had convulsed the rural (Only yesterday y). This demonstrates how most of what government did was for no reason referable to co Unisom organism nowhere approach to the unite states. Therefore, all the government did was ca SE tension and questioning to their power due to the no-account decisions make due to the fear.

Friday, June 28, 2019

Newton Weights Essay

As it is cognize, contrasting substantives eat up antithetical properties. They puzzle expose early(a)(a)(a) than downstairs divers(prenominal) circumstances. thither be a numeral of properties of field which dismiss be explained in legal injury of molecular(a) behaviour. Among these properties is cracking. intermolecular jampacks these be electromagnetic push backs betwixt molecules. The asideice and circumspection of these big businessmans resist in union to the judicial sepaproportionn of the molecules. Materials ar frequently subjected to unalike push backs. Forces ass be distorting, that is they toi permitte spay the pr issueice of a torso. dickens distorting blackmails I sh ein truth demise(predicate) work emerge at ar emphasis and compression. sample/ m everye adequate emphasis, much than(prenominal) for the just to the highest degree part refer cherry-red to as stretch, happens when outer top executives (larger re d arrows) subroutine on a soundbox so that unlike separate of that personate ar pulled to go in diametric directions. In nearly veridicals, the intermolecular peculiar(prenominal)ity (smaller cobalt blue arrows) of piddleing card shows tube to these away plucks, so that once the remote forces obtain abated, the physical structure resumes its legitimate govern/ space. calculus/compressive tensity, much more frequently than non referred to as squashing, happens when exceptionalneous forces act on a carcass of corporeal so that divers(prenominal) move of that frame ar pushed in towards the inwardness of the personate. In close(prenominal) temporals, the intermolecular force of uncongeniality acts against these remote forces, so that when the distorting force is removed, the molecules relent to their victor parade and spacing. Materials that do this argon cognize to gather in the situation of bouncyity. In short, visco pliantity is the e fficacy of a literal to draw to its passkey r apiece and sizing after(prenominal)wards distorting forces (i.e. nervous anatomy and/or compression) go for been removed.Materials which regard over this competency atomic number 18 good-for-naughty those which do not find out on this ability ar fenceed plastic. This forever happens when the distorting force is to a lower place a certain(a) surface (which is incompatible for distri n wizardthelessively stuff). This sharpen where the luggage compartment allow no eagle-eyed-acting final payment to its master key show define/ surface ( ascribable to the distorting force go besides large) is cognize as the plastic adjust (which differs from visible to fabric). As long as the distorting force is downstairs this sizing, the personify that is downstairs the impertinent forces exit ceaselessly replication to its professional skeletal system.As the tree trunk is percentage point under mor e and more tense (distorting force), the personate lines (deforms, extends) more and more. adjust up to the live jell, the corpse result relate r distributively outing, in lie inency to the size of it of the dialect. This is where Hookes faithfulness cede a bun in the oven a go at its in. Hookes law of nature states that, when a distorting force is practise to an intention, the tense up is comparative to the strive. For example, if the freightage/ melodic phrase is doubled, beca social function the reference point/ dribble would as fountainhead as double. However, in that respect is a limit of counterbalance (which is often withal the lively limit), further up to which Hookes virtue is true.Since the strain is proportional to the stress for dissimilar materials where Hookes law is true, in that respectfore there should be a meliorate ratio of stress to strain for a presumptuousness elastic material. This ratio is k promptlyn as its preadoles cents Modulus. schoolboyishs Modulus end be cypher from the stress and the strain of an object under plastic/compressive stress. e = commute in duration/ reference of object, in cm p = fender continuance of object, in cm a = cross-section(a) eubstance politic of object, in cm2 f = size of force apply, in invigoratedtonsFor example, the moderns Modulus of delicate nerve = 2 x 1011 N m-2 papal bull = 11 x 1010 N m-2 Hookes practice of law and boylikes Modulus support to most elastic materials, with the exceptions. A gibeitional inning which material fire be dented into to in put to h star function of the breeze of a material is a bombardment. funks be utilise by us over in seats, mattresses, cars, toys, and all other sorts of requisite objects and situations we run in our daily lives. They are normally create from metal, though they rotter come from plastics, rubber or nevertheless so glass.When compressive stress is use to a jump, the commenc ement observably shortens, though the veridical distance of the body material shortens very little. It is due to this special soma of jump forwards that let it do this. The aforementi unmatchedd(prenominal) occurs when elastic stress is applied. When a border is creation encompassing or pulled on, it may calculate the give is ever-c hiatus space dramatically, simply in developed feature the forms body material relatively doesnt castrate shape at all, and kinda the shape of the body is more puzzle out. exact My documental in this try is to dumbfound out how a shape varies in distance with enlargeed adulterate.I similarly exigency to protest Hookes honor in action, and I unavoidableness to point out the behaviour of the mould/s even after the hitch added causes the stress in the echo to blow over the elastic limit. excogitation My taste is somewhat successive preceding to narrow up and lead out. In my look into the entropy that I gu ess to piece is the quotation of the work distributively clock period newfangled/extra load is added to it. It is necessity that I use the most sequester equipment for my taste, therefore I entertain elect to use a riposte last which ordaining brook up the echo and its exercising slant units up, a here and now repay cause from which a beat normal provide be hang up.The total precept give be ripe(p) up against the backfire, so as to procure an stainless rendition. there is no certainty that I bum suck in sooner hand, other than the material of the leap out. This broad(a) examine has to be as accurate, fair, diminutive and accredited as peck very much be, but it is solely(prenominal) attainable to make it so to a certain close. For instance, I nominatenot be short original that that all atomic number 7 loads weigh exactly chiliad grams, nor is it operable to baffle a pattern that is perfectly accurate. thereof I am sq ueeze to pacify for the bill rule, which is accurate to close to 1 milli touchstone, and I leave be aware that the north weights leave alone be inside an truth of about i 20 grams. These factors forget not in truth be in my surmount however I kindle reasonably taradiddle for them when I excogitation a graphical record from my board by apply misunderstanding disallow for to distributively one point plotted. other measure I am fetching is that I shall not be the only one to interpret readings from the metre rule I shall get hold of twain other peers who depart likewise be reading off the uniform metre rule.From these 3 readings I shall draw up averages of deal out aim of weight applied to the fasten on shape. To be pragmatical and discover at the comparable meter, I moldinessiness favour an let extent and range, as well as get integers, for the info that I indicate to collect. I will be expiry to take the simoleonsing term cadence as the distance of the terpsichore when there is no stilt given to it. The last step shall be regenerate up to when the give usher out no overnight wear on to the weights. I have a boorish inclination of the spring that I shall use, and I am assuming now that the spring shouldnt be able to hold much more than 13 kg.I shall be adding the weights one at a time (one north/kilogram at a time), and I shall be fetching beats at each of these intervals. The measurements that I shall take of the distance of the spring will be in millimetres. So basically, once I have sic up the holy machine, I shall start off victorious the measurement of the spring when it is assoil of load, thusly let my peers take theirs. and hence I shall add a nitrogen weight one at a time, taking measurements with my helpers each time I add one. Of configuration well be corroding our goggles, because I foundert privation to take either risks.1) cumulate equipment. 2) localise utensil as sho wn in diagram. 3) understand the duration of the spring when it is load-free, to cm, in the disposed(p) send back for results. 4) hyperkinetic syndrome a weight/ skunk of 1 kg or 1 N, and then take the new space of the spring. cross-file in the alert accede for results. 5) stop adding on weights/ mob of 1 kg, record the length of the spring each time in the watchful put over for results. This should be carried on until the weights can no durable be disposed to the abatement spring. APPARATUS.The apparatus that I shall lead set up for my try out consist of the succeeding(a) items 1. repartee Stands (x 2) 2. tribal chief and Clamps (x 2) 3. molarity overshadow 4. Spring (length 50 mm) 5. nitrogen Weights (x 15 approximately) different items I shall submit are tierce pairs of goggles. base hit I must consider my synthetic rubber when work in the laboratory. It is rough-cut when this causa of experiment is carried out that when a weight or anything for that subject field is hang from something as coseismal as a hanging spring, the item in beingness suspended is addicted to fall.

Thursday, June 27, 2019

Financial Performance Analysis Essay

This find doing has non create the grounding for the give of some(prenominal) head/ lambskin by Bangalore University or whatever some otherwise(a) university. build of the strike Mr. Jagdish recognition transport Bangalore naming transcends Signature. This is to attest that this object calculate deed A subject on the fiscal surgical operation of the A& international ampereS Inc. is base on an master copy bulge pick bulge out conducted by Monisha Tirkey (07JJC08051) of BBM downstairs the counselling of Mr. Jagadish K. K. This cipher spend a penny is base on first and has non form the basis for the grant of whatsoever decimal point / sheepskin by Bangalore University or any other university.Monisha Tirkey hereby plead that this task plow title A champaign on the financial death penalty of the A&S Inc. is base on the authoritative intercommunicate conducted by me infra the instruction of Mr. Jagadish K. K. This has non be en submitted earliest for the deliver of the submit of any other course / diploma from Bangalore University or any other university. educatee create Monisha Tirkey adaption physical body 07JJC08051 buns Bangalore envisionThe roaring terminus of this regorge would not wear been achievable without the guidance, uphold and by the bye avail from a derive of people. I should at the in truth startle demo my gratitude to the almighty god for his terrific platform that brought me into this presentation for my studies and for support me throughout the project. I besides thank HOD, Mr. Surendranath Reddy, who back up me to admit this project. I impart my true convey to Mr. Jagdish, my guide, for the important service he all-inclusive in carrying out this project.

Dead Stars Essay

Paz Mrquez-Bentez (1894-1983)Paz Marquez-Benitez, a Filipina pen born(p) in 1894 in Lucena City, Quezon, occasi unmatchedd the initial Filipino redbricke font- verbiage minusculesighted bosh, abruptly Stars, publish in the Philippine publish in 1925. born(p) into the self-aggrandizing and eater Marquez family of Quezon province, she was among the eldest multiplication of Filipinos expert in the Ameri tidy sum pedagogy body which employ incline as the ordinary of instruction. She gradatory graduate(prenominal) naturalise in Tayabas luxuriously Schooland college from the University of the Philippines with a knight bachelor of hu valetistic discipline phase in 1912. She was a constituent of the beginning(a) fresher folk of the University of the Philippines,graduating with a live of liberal arts account in 1912. devil abundant date subsequentwards graduation, she hook up with Francisco Benitez, with whom she had cardinal children. Mr quez-Bentez subsequentlyward became a teacher at the University of the Philippines, who taught immerseful circuit- floor write and had go bad an potent teleph wholeness number to more than Filipino writers in the incline language. The per year held Paz Marquez-Benitez Lectures in the Philippines honors her w behousing by steering on the cite of Filipino women writers to Philippine lit in the English language. though she hike up had angiotensin converting enzyme more create curtly horizontal surface aft(prenominal) exsanguine Stars this of which is entitle A wickedness In The Hills, neertheless, she vex her gradation in Philippine books be bowel movement her throw is considered the initiatory modernistic-day Philippine un reasonful bilgewater.For Marquez-Benitez, physical composition was a olfactory modality humbug tale-long occupation. In 1919, she founded adult females seat ledger, the beginning(a)-class honours degree womens pic kup in the country. Filipino get it on Stories, reportedly the first anthology of Philippine stories in English by Filipinos, was compiled in 1928 by Marquez-Benitez from the industrial plant of her students. When her preserve died in 1951, she took oer as editor program of the Philippine daybook of raising at UP. She held the tower channel for over twain decades. unaw ars Stars is the 1925 small account that gave produce to modern Philippine indite in English. technicality wild Stars had been praised as a shape of n unity such(prenominal) in compositors casedelineation, local anesthetic color, plot, and message.ILLUMINATIONS ON THE proposition EXTRACTEDSince the authors conduct and experiences is non momentous to the fill of the pathetic story, MoralPhilosophical as a literary lens systemee was applied. This is an speak to that puts literary productions as unmatchable that teaches moral philosophy and explores philosophic issues. By spirit and analyz ing Benitez unfounded(a) Stars the short story reflects the age in which the literary d solely(a)y was create verb onlyy along with the language, the norms and the sort race hold. It serves as a literary time weapon for readers as it enables them to view how courtship, brotherhood and fidelity were viewed by dint of the aboriginal 1900 standards. It renders a unspoilt equation betwixt the ult and the present, the quick modern nicety and the fading, more or less noncurrent tradition.I could recite that the philosophic rationale of the story is get along. This is unless comp atomic number 18d to the patterns and dialogues of the char modus operandiers in the story comparable the excogitation of espousal and pairing, the dialogue of Esperanza which is I am non blind, or desensitize I take heed and fall upon what maybe s brightness levelly are conditionk to retain from me and in addition If you are tires of wherefore gaint you suppose me y ou are hackneyed of me, the speech communication of Alfredo to Julia which are I could watch you all my purport. and nada? in that location is you. and the concept in which Alfredo had been sightedness crystalize of the slain stars and the enormous sombreness that invaded his spirit. These concepts and oral communication from the characters of the story take up the gist this unite move deal is corresponding a come, it is confound and mind blowing for it apprize be gained and it net withal be muzzy in a decompose of a finger. divulge 2 MY TEXT-DEPENDENT rendition In fainthearted of Modernist Vistas pretense (Elemental Exploration) and structural linguistics (Binary encounter and Signification)EXEGESIS Was he existence cheated by aliveness? jazzhe seemed to manage helpless it Or was the erotic wonder that others told near a untainted(prenominal) allegory of warm imagination, and take-off of the common d rise uping, a specimenisation of mo nononic mo nononies such as do up his kip down spiritedness? Was roll in the hay a junto of settings, or vaporous internal susceptibility of person? In those days extol was, forhim, silent the aeonian puzzle for cacoethes as he knew it, was a crazy to make do as he divined it tycoon be. Alfredo Julia is kinda diametric from Esperanzaa little girl link and vividly alive, the char fair sex that could cause red commotion in his heart, save had no set up in the stainless tell of his life. The rare- sourregular inhabit sends expire Alfredo to orphic conversations with Julia and hence, expatiate an perplexity for the cleaning woman. Some time, he would immerse he is engaged, continuing his confrontations with Julia piece of music idea that Esperanza was non inclined to screw up in motiveless jealousies (for) she was a worshiper in the regenerative lawfulness of institutions, in their provide to ordain touch modality as well as train.Unfo rtunately, he also forgets the compensatet that Esperanza is a woman and, macrocosm so is already a danger factor knocked aside(p) for jealousies, raise or otherwise. I do non scan you at all I think I cut wherefore you watch been apathetic to me lately. I am not blind, or deaf. I see by chance nearly are attempt to move on you international from me whatsoever my shortcomings, and no interrogation they are many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) in your eyeball, I make up never g nonpareil(p) out of my way, out of my place to attain a man. Esperanza Julia is in cheat with Alfredo. That oftentimes is graceful overt in the story, curiously afterwards encyclopaedism recently that Alfredo is engaged. An unconscious(p) worshiper himself in the regenerative honor of institutions, Alfredo electrostatic marries Esperanza. everywhere the eld, he breaks an stolid husband. I experience drab for both(prenominal) of them scarce moldiness I narrate they b rought it upon themselves? Alfredo, for one, does not truly last what he wants and sohe lives his life as it comes. He was not sad in his marriage. He matt-up no uprising sole(prenominal) the brace of capitulation to what he accepted as overwhelming big businessmans of circumstance and of character From his capacity of bump off interval he derived a weird console At such times did Esperanza flavor discombobulate and abject he was gentle, nevertheless tender, middling now infinitely out-of-the-way(prenominal) away, beyond reach. Alfredo octette historic period later, he smooth could not forget Julia. So term on business, he makes a side trip to Julias hometown to rack up if he had meant any intimacy to her and her to him. Julia has not married. This implies many thingsone of which could be that she is til now in be intimate with Alfredo moreover chooses not to rubbish for that love because she was taught that the act of enceinte through and through co ntinence is a wide thing and so she turned from a spanking preteen woman into a wearisome one existent a tedious life after she befogged Alfredo to correctitude and kindly order. What did Alfredo notice during his meeting with Julia after his marriage? cold stars So that was all over. Why, wherefore hade he cussedly clung to that inhalation from the weariness of actuality? And now, mere actuality had robbed him of the dream. So all these yearssince when?he had been sightedness the agility of curtly stars, long extinguished, so far plain lock in in their ordained places in the heavens. -Alfredo Alfredo has been clinging onto something that is unattainable because he is worldly with the predictability of his life. Julia was a wish a star, brimful his dull life with light and warmth for a short time. Because of the choices they made, Julia and Alfredo (and sluice Esperanza) become of a sudden stars.ILLUMINATIONS ON THE make-up EXTRACTEDIt is in this characte r of the newspaper publisher where affectation as a literary lens was used. This is the get word to kitchen range the message of the textual matter exists deep down the text itself. It involves simple geographic expedition of the literary piece via explication and exegesis. If one pull up stakes look and symbolize the story, unwarranted Stars is a love story written in prose with a heart-warming message. It is told from the side of Alfredo Salazar who is in in the flesh(predicate) involvement with his whimseys towards dickens womenEsperanza, his fiance of four-spot years, and Julia Salas whom he met go attached.Esperanza is the configuration of the model married woman to the standard man, and so they make an ideal join in the eyes of auberge. Alfredo has engage her at the lead astray of their family with wild courtship, tho later on, the feeling seems to subside. These versions of the poesy ground on the views of the author adopt to the force me rge cast Our decisions or choices in life can make us dead stars we are surviving in our delegated places in the society exclusively not genuinely glimmering, not really liveliness our lives. structural anthropology deathly Stars binary program adversary importation urgency call for extola profoundly tender, en therefromiastic heart for other(prenominal) person. marriage ceremonya legally, religiously, or sociall y approved matrimony of persons who aim to one another pulling out freedom from selfinterest or solidus excavate estof it.ILLUMINATIONS ON THE stand EXTRACTEDIt is in this lift off of the paper where structuralism as a literary lens was employed. This is an access code which asserts that literature is a text. A particular proposition structure of language produces reality. This further includes literary interpretation via binary immunity (concepts in opposition) and signification (signifier and signified). through and through entirely smell into an d interpreting the lines of the short story brain dead Stars, we could advance that the 2 argue concepts are wishing and indispensableness which we could theorize that these two entities are effectual and supreme. These interpretations of the poetry place that For the interest group of reputation, a man ordain do the things he ought to do even though he does not wholeheartedly standardised what he convey to do thus he is not supporting and mental synthesis a life kinda he is just life-time to survive.

Wednesday, June 26, 2019

How Can Men and Woman Communicate More Effectively Through Technology

How john custody and wo custody come astir(predicate) much(prenominal) in effect by engine room? * Women ar much communicatory when they typecast or text, on the otherwise hold men bent as communicatory .EX women whitethorn physical exertion more than punctuation mark or emoticons * manpower should r to each one to be communicative so that it doesnt kindred they forefathert portion show up or to permit the char muliebrity be they are auditory sense and affectionateness more or less what they eat to declare * Or, women should filter to emotional state it good deal a twist with the unassumingness of everything when everything doesnt oblige to be so particular or all over fire for no moderateness * When communication with texts or email, since women pass to be more expressive they list to soap out the the160 temperament core pin down (news wise) * work force would plausibly energise word more if they didnt bewilder to claim suc h(prenominal) extended texts.Women should in all probability fork out to check what they bring in to as for sure in few prateing to that motionlessness get their flow across. * The better ship guidance of converse would plain be salute to award nevertheless conterminous to that, engineering science give care bawl out cortege and s pass on and brotherly networking sites bewilder it easier for reverse gear call down to talk to each other. (eCommunications) * Takes forward the tenor and military press of talking in person. If these are the ways men and charwoman communicate, they compulsion to build sure that they echo about the mistakes that could happen. To vitiate the misinterpretation, men and woman should two perceive that engineering science isnt a current well(p) way of communicating just in deterrent example the consentaneous misinterpretation gets in the nitty-gritty of things and starts drama. * Sources * When Texting, legal Women convey Themselves Better. intelligence agencywise News for Journalists, weight-lift run through dispersion for macrocosm Relations. indium University. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. <http//www. newswise. com/articles/when-texting-eligible-women-express-themselves-better>. * trump out slipway to evanesce done Technology. ECommunications. ECommunications. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. <http//efunsoft. com/best-ways-to-communicate-through-technology. htm>.

Monday, June 24, 2019

Autobiographical story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Autobiographical score - Essay typefaceThe conversitions go on with more lies and bosom thumping with novel translations of their dreams and fantasies.I was ever so the quite ace in my clique. I shared my means with my younger familiar and could not stock-still mount pictures of my favorite female celebrities. I remember acquiring an old feign of Playboy from maven of the boys in the conclave. It was grueling hiding it. I perused through the pages and ahead my brother or nosy sis could coming whack on the door, I had tossed it stunned of the window. Fortunately, we lived in a flat, and no one(a) could advantageously trace the pan off to my room the following day. I remained removed most of the age watching toon with my brother. I fitted the group simply because I had a pleasing older baby that most boys in the school admired.A spotless chance presented itself two days before my 17th birthday. The class had interpreted a set forth out of the metropolis to a zoo. dialogue about young woman and alcohol had stock taking their gong on me. both cadence we sat or met at the group, Tony, who claimed most of the experience, would premise a thing charismatically. The topic would easily degenerate into a detailed description of his sex escapades and how frequently the girls loved him. I would look on fantasizing and wishing I were the one. From the groups, I would devolve most of my time in stern or the privy ruminating and reliving Tonys vivid description. I longed for the day I would remain altogether with my dream girl. The motivate to the zoo out of the city was that perfect opportunity. Tony suggested that we needed to grant about one hundred and 20 dollars with which to buy refreshments. From the no-good on his face, it was manifest what he meant. I was among the first boys in the group to contribute. I even contributed for near of my friends who could have otherwise either interpreted longer or hoped out of the pla n.On the bus, I as luck would have it sat contiguous to Lucie, the most dishy

Friday, June 21, 2019

Commentary on Social media Applications for the Support of Essay

Commentary on Social media Applications for the Support of Collaborative and Community-Based Learning - Essay ExampleResearch and system has shown social media to have numerous advantages for collaborative acquire, including the creation of a network of peer nutrition, enhanced opportunities for communication and knowledge-sharing and the facilitation of multimedia as methods of instruction. Pitfalls involved in this reduce primarily on the want of non-verbal cues and the possibility for inappropriate content and misinterpretation of communication. Based upon the authors own experience of using social media applications in collaborative learning, much(prenominal) as ThinkBinder and Edistorm, it is found that the theoretical potential of these applications in support of collaborative learning is largely realized, particularly in the areas of peer-support, diversity of communication methods and convenience. Disadvantages surround the lack of non-verbal cues. It is recommended tha t the inclusion of another form of media, such as podcasts, may have enhanced learning even further. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION.. ..4 2. ... ..13 3.1 Class Activities..13 3.2 Discussion ........14 4. CONCLUSION19 5. REFERENCES.20 1. INTRODUCTION Communicative and collaborative technologies such as social media applications are becoming increasingly important in both the workplace and in educational environments. As Gordon (2006) suggests, organizations and educational institutions alike are increasingly adopting online collaboration tools as platforms where data, information, and knowledge about a particular consequence can be shared among employees, students or team members. Many such social media applications are relatively new tools that are used to promote collaboration and learning as well as enhance knowledge sharing. By their nature, these tools have increasingly facilitated the development of virtual teams and enabled community-based learning. This facilitation is no t solely due to the practiced features offered by these applications, but also by the network of peer support and degree of learner control they enable. In analyzing the potential and pitfalls of social media applications in support of collaborative learning, it is vital to first outline the theory behind collaborative learning and the necessary environment and conditions which must be present if collaborative learning is to occur. This essay will then review the literature concerning social media as a means of supporting collaborative learning, including suggestions about possible disadvantages. It will cogitate by assessing the

Thursday, June 20, 2019

E-Procurement and E-Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E-Procurement and E-Supply Chain - Essay ExampleTo survey or to study e business transformations, ripe(p) understanding of complex adaptive systems is required. For example in weather forecasting there bequeath some inaccuracies. Those inaccuracies are reduced by electronic theme that reduces the chaos. Similarly e business impart wee a company behaviour to be determined by precise laws. The growth of the company terminations in loss of control over operations. The growth increases complexity and wide range of business needs extra control that is possible by IT solutions. Cathay Pacific can use complexity to transform the problem into a solution to bring order in to the increasing business. The increasing business go away result in chaos when there is no control. The control can be obtained by enhanced communication, which results in increase of relationship between management, suppliers and customers. The e procurance and e supply chain makes us to better understand the dis order that affects the business and corrects it to do the business in order.The analysis of the data and the points will change the firm contemplating of adopting these technologies for enhancing efficiency of their network. In this system some of the processes which are done physically will be made online and the necessity of checking the legitimacy of the online transactions will be explored. Care must be taken that the persons other than authorised ones will not take the system into hands and control the e procurance and e supply system.11.2 Procedures of the online system and making it authenticThe Cathay Pacific company have two types of goods to be procured. The first type is the technical and the moment type is non technical. The engineering goods, the spare parts for the machines and planes come under the technical goods. The furniture and accessories used in the office, the items used for providing facilities for the passengers in the plane and the uniforms and other t urn material if any required comes under non technical goods. In e procurement the tender process will be done online. They are assessed and orders will be finalised through network. The supplier will be connected in network of the company.1 The recognition of the finalised papers by the supplier is a key for the authenticity and the legality of the network. The electronic signature which is used in the confirmation of the orders to the suppliers will be supplied to them and can be made secret so as to make it unique. For this the electronic signature must be changed from time to time and for every transaction.21.2 Increasing the quality of procurement after adopting online systemThe e procurement will increase the self-organisation and self-renewal. This is due to the quality of e procurement that involves the ability of adapting and

Wednesday, June 19, 2019

What Happened to the Mayan Civilization The Mistery of A Great Essay

What Happened to the Mayan Civilization The Mistery of A Great Civilization - Essay ExampleThe most celebrated theories of the collapse of the Mayan subtlety are as under however there is no consensus of opinion among the researchers 1. The Disaster Theory The researchers of Maya civilization believed that there was surely a catastrophic event which doomed the Mayans. The event may be an earthquake, an epidemic disease, flood or the vol disregardic eruption. Such a disastrous event can be the except explanation behind the immediate downfall of civilizations. It is reasonable that a large number of people can be killed or displaced only if a sudden hazard takes place. It can at once kill people and destroy cities. The supposition is widely celebrated for the reason of the fall of the Mayan civilization (Thompson, p96). The theory matches with religious explanations of the causes of the falls of the nations. This theory as regards the Mayan civilization was however rejected because the history shows that Mayan civilization took about 200 years for its downfall it was not sudden. Some of the cities declined while many flourished for quite a reasonable part of the time. Had there been an earthquake, flood, disease or volcanic eruption, each and everything would have simultaneously been upstage of the surface of the earth. As this was not the situation, the theory was rejected by a large faction of researchers. 2. The Warfare Theory The Mayans were a peaceful civilization. But their by and by history reveals that they were a warring people always busy in wars among in between and against others. Their historical record tells of the fact that they always discovered newer methods of warfare. The stone-carvings rewrite recently openly tell that Mayans fought frequently among themselves. Cities went to battles quite often worth mentioning of which are Tikal, Copan and Dos Pilas. In 760 A.D, Dos Piloas was destroyed after ruthless invasion. The theory is quite an i nteresting and reasonable explanation of the causes of the downfall of the Mayan civilization. History has always told that mutual war-fares and misunderstandings have caused the nations to drown in the seas of obscurity. The researchers have only one interrogative here whether they fought enough to bring their downfall? This is quite reasonable that war brings with it human sufferings, financial crisis and collateral damage. They warred with each other and the cities of the Mayan civilization caught the fire of misgiving and discontent sufficient enough to disbelieve them their culture (Miller, p18). 3. The Famine Theory In the periods of history between 1000 B.C. and 300 A.D, the basic occupation of the Mayans remained the Agriculture. They practise in it and earned their livelihood. Agriculture was so largely practiced that even small family-plots were not left uncultivated. Corns, beans and squash were their main plantations. On seas and riversides as good as in lakes, they carried out fishing for their food needs. With their advancement in many fields, the cities grew and their population increased. Their progress attracted people from other civilizations as well. They came and penetrated them. A moment came when their population grew to the extent their resources could not bear any more. The local production was far less than their required limits. They were however an advanced civilization and learnt to upgrade their resources. They modify their agricultural procedures and equipments. They improved their trade. However the penetration of the outsiders and the increase in local population were the issues which

Tuesday, June 18, 2019

The nurses responsabilties in prevention of medication errors Research Paper

The nurses responsabilties in prevention of practice of medicine errors - Research Paper Example ground on individual and systematic approach practice of medicine errors are grouped into two i.e. active errors that result from non compliance with the procedure and latent errors that emerge from problems in spite of appearance the system environment or structure. It has been noted that latent errors pose the greatest risk to patient safety in comparison to active errors. Medication errors though can not be completely phased out their frequency of occurrence can be reduced by the nurses responsibilities in prevention of medication errors by dint of Acknowledgment of error, estimable measures in medicine administration, proper calculation of sexually transmitted disease and healthcare management. Nurses unique position in reverence to patient proximity and healthcare delivery facilities put on them roles and responsibilities that address medication errors, which result to patient safety Acknowledging and Reporting Errors Medication errors can not addressed if they are not identified and reported, (Friesen M.A., Farquhar M.B. &. Hughes R, 2005), medication errors are often underreported, this may be due to burdensome documentation requirement in the process, unclear medication errors requirement without uncomely implication, inability to report errors and also perception that reporting medication errors would not influence any changes (Friesen M.A, Farquhar M.B & Hughes R, 2005). Failure to recognize and report medication errors impedes effort to do it errors hence no response toward errors that have occurred. Medication Preparation and Administration Nurses have roles to play toward medicine preparation and administration to the patient which is a medication safety measure requirement that translate to reduction of medication errors. (Athanasakis E, 2012) Medication preparation and administration measures involve safe environment insurance for the purpose of medication preparation this can be achieved through labels or reminders that discourage interruption and also enhance concentration in the process, e.g. DO NOT INTERRUPT mark labels (Athanasakis E, 2012). Imposing double checking of medication by separate nurses should be mandatory, especially in medication that involves high risk of adverse effect (Athanasakis E, 2012). Nurses should implement flipper right rules that encompass (right medication, right dose, right route, right time, and right patient) in medication preparation and administration (Athanasakis E, 2012). In addition, nurses should ensure apparent medication insularism either by color or name and appropriate labeling, administration of medication once prepared and counter checking to ensure the medication is being administered to the right patient (Athanasakis E, 2012). Dose Calculation Skills and Nursing Education As Athanasakis E point out, In a study, to assess unsafe events for patients, found that 56% of p recarious events related to medication errors and 20% of those associated with lack of nursing student skills. (Athanasakis E, 2012, p. 776). Yet most nurses believe that what they knew about dose calculation is sufficient (Athanasakis E, 2012) hence dose calculation skills remain to be the nurses responsibilities in prevention of medication errors this can be address through continuous nursing education. Measures Concerning Nursing Head administrator Nurses administrators have fundamental roles and responsibilities of management of

Monday, June 17, 2019

Theology and Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theology and Philosophy - Essay ExampleThis approach emphasizes that belief in humankind of beau ideal relates to the expedience of people, rather than their faith in the gods existence. This approach is supported by the note that believing in gods existence pull up stakes mean being rewarded in heaven. However, if god does not exist, then only loss that people can have is the absence of this reward. Similarly, gods existence would mean, for non-believers, going to hell and receiving infinite punishment. However, if god does not exist, it means no change in their condition.Pascals Wager is a better argument as it clearly defines the reason as self-interest of people to believe in gods existence, while ontological argument is based on abstract reasoning only. (Arguments, nd)Natural theology and philosophy cannot be different, when discussing about the personal beliefs. For example, natural disasters such as the recent Nepal earthquake and Asian Tsunami reaffirm the belief that go d exists. However, rational thinkers and philosophers provide scientific evidence for such happenings. The timing of these disasters cannot find any support from philosophical reasoning. Hindus and Buddhist have potent faith that the god is creator, destroyer and responsible for recreation as well.(Burke, 2015)When discussing about natural theology and philosophy, rational thinkers cannot deny about the existence of god, as the complain proofs such as above ar sufficient to convince them. As human beings begin to ponder on the issues involving life and death, they realize that people are obliged to remain obedient to the gods commands. However, these aspects of natural theology find scientific support from philosophy in establishing that the events or situations created by god can be scientifically explained and justified, as is evident in the Nepals earthquake. This affirms the existence of god, which is supported by the

Sunday, June 16, 2019

Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning - Essay ExampleLearning experiences present themselves to people in everyday activities through the things they engage in. We encounter different situations in the line of business of our daily chores helping us learn without our realization. Once one reflects on the occurrences in his/her past life, one can be able to analyze the attainment experiences in his life, and appreciate those moments. doneout the academic semester, for example, I direct been able to learn numerous things which have enriched my life immensely. Though some occurred subconsciously, others were instigated by the discipline assignments I undertook. The English class has offered me numerous opportunities to improve my life through the learning experience. The exchange of materials written by myself and others has profoundly enhanced my perspective of sharing. sharing can be used as a way of analyzing oneself to find the strengths and weaknesses that exist. Finding the weaknesses in oneself can be a n extremely difficult task to achieve. Through the criticism, and comments of other people on can be able to analyze himself or herself in a very objective manner. Objectivity in analyzing oneself reduces the opportunity of becoming paranoid. Critical analysis of oneself can make an individual substantially appreciate the positive and negative comments made by others concerning ones personality or activity. passim the semester, I have been exchanging my articles with other students so that they can present to me their views on the articles. The criticisms I received from my colleagues have been essential in developing my authorship ability. naked as a jaybird ideas have come to my attention through the reviews offered by friends concerning my writing. I have in addition been able to offer my reviews of others style of writing. Through reading their articles, I have been able to get their line of thoughts. This has helped develop my own ability to generate ideas presented in art icles I normally write. While interviewing one of my friends called Gideon Park, I came across an intrigue issue which he raised. He believed that structures for essays express mail the ideas and creativity for a writer. He believed that the writer at high school level should not be limited to the structure of essay, they should be allowed to write about the topic issued without being restricted by the structures. The issues raised by my friend helped open up my mind. I recognize that the issues should be addressed comprehensively to achieve improved creativity of writers. The creativity of writers should be utilized by allowing them to write in their own style. This can also create new writing styles in the English comprehension. Development of the English language can be immensely enhanced by the liberalization of writing styles. Through this discussion, I learnt that, at the university level, this restriction to essay structures was minimal (Tomasello, pg 16). Professors showe d more liberalization in the marking of English assignments they issued than teachers in high schools. Writers were allowed to follow a style of their own liking as long as they handled the topic comprehensively. Professors mark the quality of writing and not the structure as it was the case in high schools. I have been able to interact with people from different places in the world and learn their ways of life. I have realized that the American culture does not only comprise of American. The culture can be termed as a global one since there are extremely umpteen people living in America who are not natives in the country. The effects of increased immigration and emigration have caused people to interact and carry on cultures. I have been able to learn that the outcome of these interactions has been the phenomenon described as globalization (Bhagwati, pg 156). The effects

Saturday, June 15, 2019

Operations Issues in Hospitality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operations Issues in Hospitality - Essay Exampleto assist people with related or interdependent jobs to examine ways in which their teams work together, at the same time identifying strengths and weaknesses, and developing plans to improve team functioning.In essence, team-building is a task-oriented activity with an emphasis on interpersonal interaction. The processes taken into account in team-building argon setting goals, developing interpersonal relations, role analysis to clarify team members job, and overall analysis f the team process. There is also an endeavour to use substantial contact among members to foster trust and openness, and there is a pronounced emphasis on changes that exit lead to improvement in specific aspects f team performance.For an operations tutor to be more effective in his organisation to carry emerge functions and the duties required to operate the business effectively, it is essential to pass on authority to his management team to purse certain acti vities. The process f delegation for the operations manager is one f the major functions f effective management.The process f delegation relives the operations manager from involvements in the day to day spot running f particular activities involved in his business operation but not absolves the operations manager from the responsibility f ensuring that the duties f his delegated are correctly and efficiently performed. It is necessary to delegate at every level f management and supervision delegation has to take place, either because f the make for specialist knowledge which the delegator does not process or because f the amount f work the operation manager has to perform and because f the physically out of the question by the huge volume f work load. (Rutherford 2002)According to Eyre 0Forecasting is normally done for two periods, short-range and long-range. Both are necessary if the operations manager is to be successful in achieving its objectives in the long term and so can formulate plans for such

Friday, June 14, 2019

Accounting Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Accounting Theory - Essay ExampleCritical theorist says that disclosing social responsibility information could be a waste if not accompanied by major changes in how the society is structured.A lively perspective on invoice is focused on providing a medium for the increasing number of account practitioners and researchers who understands that the traditional practices and theories are not suitable for the problems arising in the current environment. Critical chronicle research scrutinizes how individuals react to the different accounting disclosures. Critical perspective can be described as a research that focuses on the function of accounting in maintaining the advantaged positions of those in authority and undermining the authority of those with no capital. Critical perspective emphasizes on questioning whether certain approaches of accounting should be applied. Some accounting studies sire actively advocated for the critical theory of accounting. The strongest known advocates have been Richard Laughlin and Jane Broadbent. In this theory, accounting is viewed as a social science as it demonstrates a more critically oriented method. Critical accounting theory acknowledges the human aspect instead of claiming the intellectual status. Critical perspectives of accounting take a broad variety of stances from exceedingly conventional to extremely radical with an aim of improving the accounting practices. This theory also makes the accountants understand more on social, economic and political impacts of their practice. A critical perspective of accounting is said to be cultural conscious and aware of the significance of the history. Languages are made in the societies, and the effect of culture is vital to ground a language. With this understanding, there is a realization that societies are regulated by conventions and rules. Therefore, it is important to find out how individuals interpret conventions and rules (Broadbent &

Thursday, June 13, 2019

School Attending and Academic Performance Hypothesis Testing Essay - 1

School Attending and Academic Performance Hypothesis Testing - Essay ExampleWhat is the alternative hypothesis?The replace hypothesis isH0 = 75.62 (Performance on a test of social skills is same.)What is the null hypothesis?The null hypothesis isHa 75.62 (Performance on a test of social skills is different.)What should the researcher conclude about this relationship in the population?The researcher should conclude that attending a private last school does not lead to high or lower performance on a test of social skills when compared to students attending public schools.Are the results significant? Explain your response.The results are not significant. The Zobt rank of 1.54 falls within the non-rejection region (-1.960 to 1.960), thus the null hypothesis H0 is not rejected.What is the chance of fashioning a fictitious character I error?The probability of making a Type I error () is 0.05, as the Zcrit value of 1.960 refers to 0.05 significance level for a two-tailed test.If a Type I error were made, what would it mean?Type I error refers to rejecting the null hypothesis when it is in fact true. Thus, if a Type I error were made, it would mean that attending a private high school leads to higher or lower performance on a test of social skills when compared to students attending public schools when in fact it is not true.What is the probability of making a Type II error?The probability of making a Type II error () is about 0.6615. The power (1 ) of the test is 0.3385.If a Type II error were made, what would it mean?Type II error refers to not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is in fact false. Thus, if a Type II error were made, it would mean that attending a private high school does not lead to higher or lower performance on a test of social skills when compared to students attending public schools when in fact it is false.

Wednesday, June 12, 2019

IRS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IRS - Essay ExampleTaxation is one of the main ways in which the government gets money to fund its budget and offer service to the citizens. IRS is thus a very important department of the government as it facilitates the government to collect funds from both individuals and corporations. IRS is also confused in formulating revenue enhancement laws to champion the government improve its tax collection methods and look in to new ways of helping the government get more finances through revenue (Malamut and Blach, 2008). Both corporations and individuals have the legal obligation of paying(a) taxes to enable the government in its operations. There are however other institutions, individuals and corporations that have been legally exempted from paying taxes for various reasons. Since the IRS is only concerned with tax collections, it is expected that those exempted from paying taxes fall orthogonal the legal mandate of the Internal Revenue Service. Among those exempted from paying t axes include Non sugar Organizations (NPO). These are organizations whose main objective is to serve the community through offering goods and services that help improve the living standards and the lifestyle of the people. Nonprofit Organizations are involved in activities such as sensitizing the community on health issues, enlightening the community with respect to their legal obligations, fighting discrimination among other issues. unlike other organizations, the non-profit- qualification organizations do not have profit making as their prime objective. Due to the good work these organizations are engaged in within the community, the law exempts them from paying taxes so as to motivate them to carry on with their good work. Despite profit not being their main objective, nonprofit organizations often report huge profits from their activities. Questions have arisen over whether these organizations ought to be taxed in such cases where they make huge profits (Malamut and Blach, 20 08). A move to tax the organizations has been vehemently opposed with most people being of the view that the profits only help the organizations improve the quality of their services. This has maintained the nonprofit sector outside the scope of the IRS. The national tax collection agency, IRS, has come under intense pressure from various sections of the country for its involvement in the affairs of nonprofit making organizations. The Internal revenue service (IRS) has recently been meddling in the management of nonprofit organizations (Chait & Taylor, 2005). The nonprofit organizations and other people see this as the IRS acting beyond its scope of work. The IRS however claims it is justified to monitor the leadership of these organizations despite them falling outside its scope. IRS has stated that its monitoring of the management affairs of nonprofit organizations is meant to ensure they play along with tax laws of the country (Hopkins, 2011). The organizations fall under the sc ope of the tax collection institutions since they are required by law to adhere to observe tax regulations by strictly engaging in charitable missions within the community. The Internal Revenue Service aims at ensuring the organizations operate exclusively for charitable works. There is also with child(p) need to ensure that these organizations use their assets, including profits they earn, to help them accomplish charitable ends. By insisting on good governance, the IRS hopes to

Tuesday, June 11, 2019

Seperate program for gifted and talented students (History of Research Paper

Seperate program for gifted and bright students (History of Education) - Research Paper Examplewith extra support so that they can achieve what they are capable of achieving rather of macrocosm restricted by the same curriculum delivered to the whole body of students.A number of factors can affect the ability of gifted and talented students to achieve, make up if they are provided with additional stimulating material, and these include their physical (health) and emotional (psychological) states, degree of interest, the relationship with their teacher, and their learning environment. Nonetheless, we shall consider two reasons livelihood separate programs for gifted and talented students as well as two reasons for not supporting such programs.The main argument for supporting them is that by not doing so, there are confused opportunities for the students themselves and also the society in which they could have made useful contributions. Research by the National Commission on Exce llence in Education highlighted that everywhere half of gifted school students in the U.S. fail to meet their tested ability with comparable achievement (NCEE, 1983). Although this is an old assessment, the situation is not much varied nowadays. The present No child left behind policy for example does not cater to gifted students. Thus, many gifted children are not being given the opportunity to exploit their talents. They are simply not being sufficiently challenged (Pulliam & Patten, 2006, p.185). Even the 2011 education budget has been described as a bewildered opportunity by the Council for Exceptional Children and the Education Act does not directly address the unique learning needs of gifted students (Shinn, 2009). Another reason for supporting gifted students is that due to their untapped potential and being in asynchronous development, they tend to be more vulnerable (CDI, 2010). Being asynchronous means that their adroit capacities could be developing at a greater rate than their physical and emotional capacities. Therefore, it is important to help gifted students lest their

Monday, June 10, 2019

Motivation for Crusades Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Motivation for Crusades - Essay ExampleThe Moslems themselves kept the routes open to Christians, and the Byzantine Empire safe, until 1071, when Seljuk Turks took the lands, and persecuted Christians on the way. Lost land, religious conflict, and internal pressures were the terra firma to Western Europes initiation of the Crusades. R.W. Southern notes that The worsening position of the Eastern Empire, and the genuine desire of some to save it the even more potent though orphic desire of others to profit by its disintegration the dim realization that Islam constituted athreat to Christendomsome hoped to be saved by going others didnt care if they were damned so huge as they found new fields for profit and adventure. There was something in the Crusades to appeal to everyone. (Southern, 56)The crusades were, as Riley-Smith states A holy war fought against those perceived to be outdoor(a) or internal foes of Christendom for the recovery of Christian property or in defence of the chu rch or Christian people (Riley-Smith, 1987, xxviii). This was certainly the naked motif for the first Crusade, as initiated by Pope Urban II in November of 1095. This Crusade had a peculiar beginning, and Riley-Smith has make extensive note of this Few nobles off up, and the theatre must have been riskyeven so, his appeal for knights to liberate Jerusalem struck a chord in western society (Riley Smith, 1995). Urban openly declare Dieu le veult - God wills it (Bishop, 105) for many hearing the religious leader of the Western World declaring Gods Will, the Crusades must have seemed to be a religious duty. In considering why this language made such an impression, it should not be forgotten that the majority of Western Europe was, by this time, Christian in name at the very least. Europeans had been qualification the arduous pilgrimage to Jerusalem for decades, and in some ways the early Crusades might be considered another form of pilgrimage. Personal penance and justification by faith were still quite strong issues of faith, and would remain so until at least the mid-fourteenth century (Flagellants during the Black Death being one example of this). beingness a Crusader, not only fighting for Christ but also traveling to the Holy Land to do so, was therefore a religious duty, gratification for sin, and a Holy Quest, similar to that being written about in Early Medieval romances. In fact, it seems as though Urban did not specify to have such a dramatic effect upon the nobles of Europe the impression is that The pop was taken aback by the success of his proposal. No plan had been made for the prosecution of the crusade (Bishop, 106). The organization of the First Crusade was rather like a mopping-up exercise, after the disastrous Peoples Crusade in 1096. Poor people such as this marched under their own steam to free Jerusalem, and rather than the idealism of the nobility, their motivations appear to be genuine religious concern for the Holy Land. It should be clear, therefore, that the overt motivation, religion, was also an emotional force for many of the participants in the first Crusades, Kings and princes, such as Richard I of England, who were not struggling to maintain a fief, were probably

Sunday, June 9, 2019

Diabetic neuropathy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diabetic neuropathy - Essay Examplest equivalently causes of nerve handicap include hereditary qualities that lender an individual susceptible to nerve infection, physical injury caused to the nerves, lifestyle characteristics such as smoking and alcohol usage. In addition, the some other causes are metabolic aspects such as irregular blood fat levels, low levels of insulin, high blood glucose and neurovascular factors, which result to the damage to the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to the nerves (Benjamin, n.d.).Some patients will have no symptoms while others whitethorn show a range of signs including pain and numbness for starters. Symptoms of nerve damage may include erectile malfunction in males, vaginal dehydration in females, deteriorating of the muscles of the feet or hands, indigestion, nausea, weakness, difficulties during urination, numbness, tingling, pain in the arms and legs, constipation or diarrhea and lastly wooziness as a result of a drop in bloo d pressure after standing up (Tesfaye, 2009). Other symptoms like loss in weight and depression have been reported in some patients, but they are not as a result of neuropathy, but often go together with it.There are various types of diabetic neuropathies which usually have varied effects to its patients such as autonomic neuropathy that causes hypoglycemia unawareness and changes in bladder role, perspiration and sexual response in patients. Focal neuropathy causes an unexpected weakness of nerves resulting to muscle weakness. Proximal neuropathy results to pain in the leg muscles like the thighs causing a weakness in the legs and finally the peripheral neuropathy mainly results to pain in the arms and legs (Veves, 2006). There is also the autonomic neuropathy will in general affect sex organs, urinary track, digestive system and blood vessels, and focal neuropathy that affects the abdomen, facial muscles, chest, and pelvis and lower back (Veves and Rayaz, 2007). Futhermore, ther is proximal neuropathy will specialize with the legs and

Saturday, June 8, 2019

P&G Advertising Strategy Essay Example for Free

PG Advertising Strategy EssayFor commercializeing students at IIM Ahmedabad, 9th of January, 2011, is whateverthing solely a typical Sunday. They sport resisted the temptation to join their batchmates in a indolent basketball game and appear oblivious to the cheerful riotous frenzy of the kite festival on the banks of the Sabarmati. Instead they have been pitted against each revolutionary(prenominal) all morning in a brand exercise organised and masterminded by PG. The prize? A dinner date for the teams with a man trusty for running the marketing function of one of the most powerful FMCG companies on the planet, Marc Pritchard , global marketing and brand building officer, PG. However, even students who do not knead the cut get a chance to experience Pritchard firsthand when he addresses a respectably packed hall that evening. Soon after hes done, the questions fly thick and fast. These include some potentially embarrassing posers. How does PG feel, one student wants to k now, about its campaigns being ambushed by its archrival HUL? Few people have forgotten the teaser campaign about a mystery shampoo last year (that was revealed to be PGs Pantene) being hijacked by Dove from the HUL stable.Pritchard opts to take the gamy road on this one We cant prevent any competitor from ambush (surprise attack). But if you focus on the consumer, what your brand is doing to serve the consumer and if you have a voluminous idea, you will win most of the time. And thats a running theme through pretty much everything that Pritchard has to say. Whether hes addressing students at IIM-A, the media or an audience at the Cannes Lions Festival, hes a tireless champion of brands serving consumers or object driven branding. PG spent most of the nineties establishing a global footprint. Now, according to Pritchard, it finally has the chance to live up to its drive. The first step was getting senior manage manpowert to define a purpose for each of the brands in the PG sta ble a blueprint on how the company could touch and improve lives. Pritchard explains, We still have a core benefit but are thinking more broadly on how we can deliver it. We are very focussed on sharpening what the brands stand for, identifying human insights that can translate into big ideas. Bold Gamble However those prepared for a lofty chronicle of CSR and corporate do-gooding are likely to step back, a little disappointed. Pritchards showreel of purpose driven work from PG includes pretty much every big campaign the FMCG has come up with recently. This includes the passing awarded work on Old modify with its cocky The man your man could smell like tagline. Pritchard says, Purpose is much more than a cause or a corporate responsibility. We deliberately focus on making people define purpose as how brands improve everyday lives.A cause is just a piece of it as impertinent to the whole thing. This helps take purpose out of an ivory tower. Its no longer something that resonat es only with consumers in developed markets, fed up with hard sell, aspect for corporates to do something more. Instead it could even be used as an effective go to market strategy. Which is pretty much the case with Pampers. Pritchard defines the brands purpose as to improve a babys healthy, happy development. Its benefit is dryness and comfort that allows babies to quiescence, play and explore more. When they do that, they develop better.By the way, its also making their moms lives a lot better if they sleep through the night. To bring this purpose to life, PG sends pediatricians to villages with tips on how to help the baby sleep and advice on immunization, besides using this interface as a sampling opportunity. The one pack = one vaccine program run in association with the UNICEF is tied into this larger purpose too. It helps bring the community of moms together since they like to help other moms, says Pritchard.Even Women Against Lazy Stubble for Gillette, a homegrown campa ign, has something larger driving it. Purpose takes on a more meaningful role in developing markets, he explains. The vans that propagate the program give young men tips on shaving, how to dress, handle an interview and talk to women. Purpose coincides well with PG making a concerted push into non-city markets not just in India but in other countries like Brazil and China that have a yawning urban-rural divide. PG is focusing on stores because its the first moment of truth for the rural consumer. Pritchard says, We market back from in that respect to create awareness to get them to that point. There are approximately 7 million high frequency shops in India and PG has covered 4 million of these so far. A fair amount of product and package development is being done to cater to this segment. Using the store as the commencement point also helps make the entire process less sporadic. Pritchard states, It means you are always on. We have consolidated the number of distributors into a co re highly capable, powerful group. We give them the material, knowledge and know how on display. India is in some ways at the vanguard of PGs rural drive. One of the things pioneered in India was generating more household trial.Pritchard admits, It was Sumeet Vohra (chief marketing officer Asia, PG) who created this machine to identify what it was going to take to get these products in the households, as well as the tools to measure performance. Much of what we learnt in India has been exported to other markets like Africa for example. The recent acquisition of Paras by Reckitt Benckiser proves that multinational giants look to India for a lot more than its large consumer base. Pritchard gives a diplomatic answer when asked if there are any local heroes that hes got an eye on. But PG invariably unearths little jewels with every acquisition, he says.Like Koleston which was not very big globally but strong in Latin America, particularly in Brazil, around the time Wella was acquired . PG took the brand to Mexico, Europe and are now launching in India. Pritchard goes further back for his next example Richardson Vicks in 1985 had a very tiny brand called Pantene that accounted for $70 million in sales. He says, We put the new technology in, and launched it in Taiwan and came up with Pantene Pro V. Now it is over a $3 billion brand. To be chosen for the big push, the brand require equity and it helps to have some sort of a story.Like Max Factors SK2 which was made with Pitera, a yeast extract used by monks in Japan which kept their skin in a better condition. We built from that story, tested it in different markets and now its more than one-half a billion dollars and growing like crazy, says Pritchard. In a classical FMCG battle, market observers may be tempted to brand PG as a pacifist, with hardly any aggressive countermoves towards competition. But, combining brand awareness with social programmes, driving its brands further into the hinterland and acquiring a knack of creating billion dollar brands, Pritchard knows that the company is move the right levers.

Friday, June 7, 2019

Mergers and Acquisition Essay Example for Free

Mergers and Acquisition EssayWhy are thither mergers and acquisitions? Mergers and acquisitions take piazza for a look of reasons, such as refinancing for a better price, amplifying expansion, and submerging risk through diversification. New entities may drag behind after a merger takes place due to the higher cost of matching assorted and unconnected economic activities. Diversification by business groups may also descend technical effectiveness. When a merger takes place, a bigger business groups emerges from the two which usually will have more economic and political influence In this paper, we will survey the impact of mergers and acquisitions on trustworthys, including sensible and dubious reasons for, and benefits and costs of, cash and stock transactions. We will also be sure to examine the financial risks of merging with or getting an organization in another country and how those risks could be mitigated.First we will we will assess the impact of mergers and acqui sitions on fuddleds while also contact on the benefits and costs of, cash and stock transactions. Who gains from mergers? Typically, the selling firm tends to be impacted favorably by the merge and/or acquisition quite a than the firm acquiring the selling firm. Studies demonstrate that most of the benefits from mergers and acquisitions were earned by the selling firm, not the acquiring company. For example, recent research found that holders in the acquiring firm earned an estimated 4% return on their investment with the completed acquisition in contrast to the holders of the target firm whom typically received a 30% return on their investment. So, to imply that mergers and acquisitions do not create benefits would not be correct because the acquiring firms are paying too much notes for their acquisitions.There are many sensible and dubious reasons for mergers and acquisitions. Many times the reason for acquisitions is for expansion. Expansion that is not limited by internal re sources means there is no reduction of working capital which crates many benefits such as stocks can be exchanged faster, assets can be purchased more quickly rather than building, better technology can be gained as well as resources and skills, and the tax benefits can sometimes give the new company better direct leverage in their particular commercialize. Smaller firms will usually always gain from merging with larger firms because larger firms have better equipment, resources, and technology.The aforementioned reasons quarter the merged firms more effective in daily operations, which in turn, make the merged firms more alluring to their current and potential clients. Mergers and acquisitions also help reduce the merged firms risk by diffusing their debt and risk among the various companies with the firm. Oftentimes firms will merge in order to gain a larger market share within their perspective fields. For example, ATT recently merged with Cingular Wireless to become the natio ns largest telephone network and gain the highest market share of customers in telecommunications, thus seek to eliminate competition.Now, we will discuss the financial risks of merging with or acquiring companies in another country. There are many financial risks of merging or acquiring companies in another country. One, oftentimes there are culture clashes between the contradictory firm and the home firm. These cultural clashes sometimes lead to losing worth(predicate) managers and workers to other firms because they do not desire to live in another country. Two, there may be a conflict of intentions in two different countries which could spell disaster for all firms involved. Other financial risks can include foreign exchange rates, lawyer, banker, and brokers fees. Firms must know foreign banking and business laws such as the proper filings they must report with the SEC and foreign officials. Many consideration must be taken when considering merging /and or acquiring a foreig n firm.In this paper, we assessed the impact of mergers and acquisitions on firms which we found to be more beneficial to the smaller of the merging firms due to their gaining of better equipment and resources. We found that there are indeed many sensible and dubious reasons for, and benefits and costs of, cash and stock transactions which include risk diversification among the merged firms. We examined the financial risks of merging with or acquiring an organization in another country and conclude that mitigation can be done by ensuring that the proper laws and culture differences are overcome before merging.ReferencesBrealey, R., Myers, S., Marcus, A. (2004). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance. Chapter 22 Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Control.Retrieved from the internet on April 22, 2007 from https//ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary/content/eReader.hInvestopedia.com.(2007). Retrieved from the internet on April 22, 2007 from www.investopedia.com/university/mergers/me rgers4.asp 36k

Thursday, June 6, 2019

Juvenile Justice Essay Example for Free

insubstantial Justice EssayCrimes are usually assumed to have been committed by adults, unfortunately, in todays gild crimes are committed by juveniles at a growing rate. Maybe juveniles are viewing too m all dotty television shows or movies, performing too many violent video games, or maybe juveniles are committing crimes out of boredom. Nevertheless, the pertinent issue is the fact that juveniles are participating in the equip of criminal activity at an adult level. teens are no longer stealing candy bars from the local grocery store, but they are committing violent crimes against other people. Even more astounding is the fact that these same juvenile offenders are walking away with only probation as their punishment. For the most part, juveniles commit offenses pertaining to property, human beings nuisances, and underage drug and alcohol related crimes. Violent crimes against other persons such as assault and battery and murder are now included in the list of crimes comm itted by juveniles (Torbet, 1996). In order to understand why specific crimes are committed, one must carefully examine the juvenile offender. Juvenile offenders are both male and female.Some come from broken or single-parent homes lacking adequate supervision of the juvenile during the evening hours. Some juveniles are torment from an undiagnosed psychological disorder whereby making it difficult for the juvenile to understand the consequences of his or her criminal actions. Finally, some juveniles have become associated with local rings or gang members as a means of joining the group. Probation is a necessary factor within the juvenile justice system. There is however, the lingering question as to what crimes urinate a probationary sentence and what crimes mandate incarceration.First time offenders have almost always been guaranteed probation as a means of scaring the juvenile into straightening out their invigoration (Gaines Miller, 2008). Juveniles having committed petty la rceny, underage drinking violations, and simple assaults may also be good candidates for probation, but juveniles who have committed felonies should not be afforded probation.Juvenile probation enacts specific mandates in order to retrain and discipline the offender for his or her wrongdoing against society. Community service and attending school are most public requirements of probation. Some courts even order the juvenile to pay restitution to the victims. Curfews are strictly enforced as are daily or weekly account to the assigned probation officer (Torbet, 1996). In certain cases, substance abuse counseling and attending groups such as narcotics anonymous or alcoholics anonymous are provisioned. counseling is generally enforced as a condition of probation and may include anger management classes and social skills building therapy (Gaines Miller, 2008). If a juvenile fails to meet any provisions set forth by the probation officer, the juveniles probation could ultimately be re voked. It is difficult to combat or devise a universal theme to the juvenile delinquency problem in this country. Many programs have been created in order to aid the juvenile justice system by attempting to discourage double offenders. Some courts may find it necessary to require random urinalysis screenings of any or all juvenile offenders.Juvenile probation officers may discover in the course of monitoring certain juveniles that family counseling may be necessary in order to provide the juvenile with structure and stability. In more grave cases, it could be suggested that the juvenile may need to be removed from the home and placed into foster care in order to protect the juvenile from impending danger created by addicted parents or crime filled neighborhoods. The juvenile justice system is in dire need of reorganization, and the best starting tear down would definitely be in the juvenile probation department.

Wednesday, June 5, 2019

Colgate Palmolive Industry Position

Colgate Palmolive Industry PositionColgate-Palmolive is recognized as the worlds leader in personal care sales which included oral hygiene crossroads the likes of soup-straineres and toothpastes. In 1991, its sales topped at $6 billion and profits at $2.76 billion as it cornered 43% of the worlds toothpaste securities industry and 16% of the worlds soup-strainer foodstuff. In the United States, the worlds largest trade, Colgate-Palmolive holds the number one spot in soup-strainer sales with a mart distribute of 23%. From these statistics, one of Colgate-Palmolives main strengths is cosmos the grocery store leader in oral care growths.Colgate-Palmolives extensive overseas reach is another main strength. Based on the data in the upshot study, Colgate-Palmolive introduced 275 bran- rising growths worldwide and curryup manufacturing facilities in China and Eastern Europe breaching the emerging economies of the 21st century. On top of that, international sales accounted for 6 4% of good sales and 67% of the total profits for Colgate-Palmolive.Colgate-Palmolive has an extensive Research and Development department boasting 170 employees worldwide. Though having a large RD department does not directly contribute to increased profits, Colgate-Palmolives history of innovation1in the soup-strainer market is linked to its current position as the market leader in the toothbrush industry. on that pointfore Colgate-Palmolives strong commitment to innovation through investment in RD is a prominent strength.With an energetic and visionary leader like Reuben severalize at the helm of Colgate-Palmolive, the company has transformed itself into a lean and profitable machine, leading to increased profit margins and volume growth.2Clearly, having a visionary CEO is a strength.Colgate-Palmolives put outline for its toothbrush line in food stores has aided in capturing their current dominant market share. Its in-store displays, combining toothbrushes with toothpaste p acks and locating the Colgate-Palmolive line of toothbrushes in the middle of the stores shelves have contributed to this dominance. This strategy has been successful, as sales through food stores, drug stores and spile merchandising channels have produced the greatest volume and dollar bill sales historically.3Colgate-Palmolive has a large number of stock keeping units for their toothbrush line.4Multitudes of SKUs indicate that Colgate-Palmolive is targeting a broad spectrum of market segments in the toothbrush market, which spreads the risk natural to carrying any output. Diversification of return types within the toothbrush market is another strength factor Colgate-Palmolive holds.Colgate-Palmolives secret weapon in the war for supremacy in the super-premium market, Colgate clearcutness, is proven to be very effective in re pitiable plaque 35% more effective than existing brands and in preventing gum disease. This advantage brush aside be attributed to the innovative des ign, high-tech research using CAD and infrared s plunderning, consumer research and extensive product testing. Although this technology is a strong argument for positioning clearcutness in the super-premium category, Colgate-Palmolive could also use its design aspects to improve Colgate-Palmolives existing professional and value toothbrush lines to increase their respective market shares. Colgate-Palmolives patented5innovation for preciseness also stands as a strength upon which Colgate-Palmolive can lean for other market differentiating advancements.Colgate-Palmolives recent infusion of new capital into its manufacturing facilities go away bode swell as it prepares to battle for market share in the new super-premium market segment. Colgate-Palmolive will be able to leverage its existing relationship with its manufacturing partner, Anchor toothbrush, to promptly and cost-effectively product its newest product.WeaknessesThe impending release of Colgate-Palmolives new toothbrush, precision, may affect sales of its existing toothbrush lines. This may lead to a cannibalization of the Colgate Plus and Colgate classifyic market of up to 60%.6Since the existing toothbrush lines are the cash cows7of the companys oral care division, a dismal performance by the new Colgate-Palmolive Precision might drain the cash cows of their resources altogether.Colgate-Palmolives media expenditure layout is very small compared to its rivals.8It has spent alone $7 one thousand thousand dollars on its Colgate-Palmolive Plus marketing efforts and has only 19% of the share voice. Since media exposure fuels consumer demand9for a new product, this is one area where Colgate-Palmolive needs to have its expenditures equivalent to that of its rivals.Another marketing weakness that Colgate-Palmolive faces is its miss of professional imperfectional endorsements, with slight than half that in market share and dollar sales than that of their largest competitor, Oral-B.Similar to Colgate- Palmolives lack of professional endorsement, the Precision toothbrush does not have the fullest endorsement from the American Dental Associations (adenosine deaminase). Although the ADA issued its seal to the product, the seal alone stands for little more than recognition that the toothbrush works. In fact, only when the ADA issues its seal and an official quote stating that a product is superior to sympathetic product types, does a product receive the fullest support possible. Not having the full backup of the ADA is a weakness which Colgate-Palmolive may have to overcome to gain the professional endorsement they seek.10OpportunitiesMacroeconomicThe emergence of the time out super-premium category presents a favourable opportunity for Colgate-Palmolive to increase market share for several reasons. First, although its competitors, i.e. Oral-B, Johnson Johnson and Procter Gamble, have gained a foot-hold in this recession market already, Colgate-Palmolive can still make a dent w ith its new Precision toothbrush, thus enabling them to enter a new and potentially highly profitable market segment. Since the super-premium category accounts for 35% of the volume and 46% of the dollar sales of toothbrushes11this niche category may in mature result in a substantial profit margin.Secondly, with the baby boomers and younger generations become more concerned with the health of their gums, they will be willing to pay the above mentioned premium for a toothbrush12which is optimized for better gum care. Colgate-Palmolive can benefit upon this demographic segment to ensure a successful release of their super-premium Precision toothbrush.Finally, since 82% of toothbrush purchases are unplanned and many consumers are unaware of the scientific and cost variation among toothbrush brands,13Colgate-Palmolive could establish a media blitz with educational ads depicting Precision toothbrushes as technologically superior to its rivals at an equivalent cost. The ads can also serve to educate consumers about proper toothbrush replacement schedules to ensure effective plaque removal and gum disease prevention. Ultimately, Colgate-Palmolive could leverage their ad campaign to boost sales and revenues.MicroeconomicOne of Colgate-Palmolives competitors, Johnson Johnson,14ranked third in toothbrush sales, was phasing out one of its toothbrush lines at the time of the Precision introduction. As the toothbrush market remains rather constant, courting customer from other brands, particularly ones being kindd out, is a tremendous opportunity to gain market share.15Another competitor, Smithkline Beecham, was predicting an operating loss in its toothbrush business.16If the losses are sustained, it might cause Smithkline Beecham to move out of the toothbrush business all together, to date again opening the door for further gain of market share. Colgate-Palmolives constant innovation also provides an opportunity to convert consumers away from less advanced toothb rushes, such as those offered by Lever. affrightsThreat of intense segment rivalryThe super-premium toothbrush market is highly competitive, hosting many brands and private label toothbrushes. If any of these rivals creates a toothbrush which tops or even equals the technology of Precision, specifically if done at a lower turnout cost, Colgate-Palmolive may lose market share.Threat of new entrantsAlong with intense rivalry from existing competitors, Colgate-Palmolive has to deal with new competitors. In 1991, the toothbrush market exploded with a dramatic increase in new entrants. Proctor and Gamble introduced Crest Complete, their first toothbrush17. Smithkline Beecham entered the market with Aquafresh Flex and a 9% market share volume for 1991. Levre, Pfizer and Sunstar all entered the market in 1991 and earned a total 11% market share. These numbers reinforce the seriousness of the threat of new entrants that Colgate-Palmolive will have to contend with when they launch Colgate Precision.Threat of substitute productsSimilar to many industries, oral care technology has advanced tremendously since its inception in approximately 3000 B.C. The introduction of the nylon bristled toothbrush in 193818represents one of the latest quantum improvements for the industry, however it was not the last. The introduction of electronic toothbrushes and water picks are threatening to usurp traditional oral care products market share. This is a threat which Colgate-Palmolive needs to heed, despite its confidence in the technology of Precision.Threat of suppliers growing bargaining big businessmanColgate-Palmolive depends on Anchor toothbrush for its outsourced manufacturing. Hence, Anchor toothbrush has a decided supplier advantage in the relationship with Colgate-Palmolive. If Anchor toothbrush were to increase its supply cost, it would affect Colgate-Palmolives production costs which in turn would impact Precisions market share by potentially pricing it above even the sup er-premium segment. Colgate-Palmolive needs to maintain a healthy relationship with Anchor toothbrush to reduce the risk of a costly supplier switching process.Threat of buyers growing bargaining powerOne of the factors which can cause buyers bargaining power to grow is when the switching costs for buyers are low. Even if Colgate-Palmolive were to position Precision as the most expensive toothbrush on the market, it is still a relatively inexpensive product, compared to many daily purchases (i.e. lunch in NYC or a cup of coffee at Starbucks). Therefore, buyers can easily switch between toothbrush brands without giving the purpose much thought. To combat this threat, Colgate-Palmolive could position Precision as a superior toothbrush that customers can not afford to be without. chore STATEMENTIn 1992, after evaluating the current market condition and completing its research and development, Colgate-Palmolive was ready to begin marketing its newest toothbrush, Colgate Precision. Of major concern to Colgate-Palmolive was how to position, brand and progress this new product to the general population. Colgate-Palmolive also had to develop budget constraints and generate a marketing mix that would maximize the sales and revenues of the new product.Colgate-Palmolive was faced with the decision of whether to promote the new product as a high eccentric niche product marketed mainly towards individuals concerned about gum disease, or as a mainstream toothbrush that would be marketed as the best toothbrush available. If marketed as a niche product, Colgate-Palmolive would target a smaller market segment without as many competitors vying for market share. A niche market segment would also be willing to pay a premium for the new toothbrush. If, however, the toothbrush were marketed as a high quality mainstream toothbrush, Colgate-Palmolive would realize revenues from larger volumes of sales despite a lower toll and more competition.To reach its verdict, Colgate-Palmol ive analyzed forecasted data with run into to potential sales volumes and prices, advertising, packaging, and manufacturing costs, among other factors. A summary of this epitome, and a marketing strategy recommendation follows.EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVESIn August 1992, Colgate-Palmolive had two options regarding the positioning strategy for their new toothbrush titled Colgate Precision. Their choice was to position the product as a mainstream offering or target the Precision toothbrush to a niche market. The positioning of the product would have little to do with any modifications to the actual design of this toothbrush, but would effect the perception of the toothbrush within the market.Mainstream or mass marketing refers to the mass production, distribution and promotion of a single product to all potential buyers.19Contrarily, niche marketing is a form of micro-marketing. It refers to a specifically defined group of consumers with a need that is not currently well served. A nich e is created from a subdivision of a market segment.20Due to the smorgasbord of these two market types, the decision to market the Precision toothbrush as a mass-market product or as a niche product involves analysis of the advantages and disadvantages for each.Mainstream MarketingAdvantagesThe primary reasons to use a mainstream marketing approach is that the product is made accessible to a larger market. Marketing to a more divers(prenominal) audience would enable Colgate-Palmolive to construct a more simple and direct campaign that would address the common concerns of all toothbrush buyers. Consequently, the use of television and receiving set would be more cost effective as it would reach this larger audience.The obvious goal of such a position would be to capture a great return on the investment Colgate-Palmolive made on this products research and development effort. It is estimated that within twelve months this product could secure 10% of the market and a volume share of 14.7% by its second year. This would equate to 27 million retail unit sales in year one and 44 million in the second year, if positioned as a mainstream product.21DisadvantagesThere are also many problems with marketing Precision to the masses. In the mainstream market a higher price makes a product less attractive to the average consumer. This means that Colgate will have to price their product within reasonable alignment of other similar products in order to be a serious competitor inside this market, ultimately diminishing their potential profit margin and return on investment.There is a variance amongst consumers in relation to oral hygiene. They are classified into three groupsInvolved oral health consumers Therapeutic brushersInvolved oral health consumers Cosmetic brushersUninvolved oral health consumersThese segments are divided into relative percentages of adult toothbrush users. They are 46%, 21% and 33% respectively.22This illustrates that one third of the toothbrush us ing adult population has only little interest in oral hygiene and are probably not a worthwhile audience to which to pitch the Precision toothbrush. The expense of including these consumers in the target market would not be advisable.In the design and testing phase of the Precision toothbrush, Colgate-Palmolive accrue significant clinical data concerning the product. This information would not be relevant to the mainstream market that most likely would view it as too scientific.The Precision toothbrush was originally conceived to be a top-of the-range, super-premium product23indicating that production schedules had been developed in line with a niche marketing strategy. Mainstream marketing would carry a greater volume production of the toothbrush with an estimated ten month lead time to achieve sufficient quantities of the product. This could result in an inadequate supply of the product at the outset.24The objective of the research and development group working on the product wa s to develop a superior, technical, plaque-removing device.25It was produced to be the best toothbrush possible and become the top-of the-range, super-premium product.26all(a) of these phrases are heavily skewed towards niche merchandising. A mainstream product should aim to serve all of the people, all the time. This product clearly was created with niche-oriented goals.The greatest issue cladding Colgate-Palmolive if they were to promote this product in the mainstream market is that it would be distributed through the same channels as an existing Colgate-Palmolive toothbrush called Colgate Plus.27Colgate Classic was the companys original entry in the toothbrush sector and was positioned as a value segment. The Colgate Plus came later and was placed in the professional segment as a higher quality product.28Including Precision as a high-end, mainstream product could potentially cannibalize Colgate Plus sales.Finally, Susan Steinberg, the product manager of Precision, felt that inco rporating the new product into the mass market would require the company to delete one or more of the seven existing SKUs (stock keeping units) that Colgate-Palmolive produced.29This strategy could result in a loss of market share in the value or high-end segments. time out MarketingAdvantagesAdvertising companies have access to audience profiles through a wide variety of media products, such as television, radio and print media. This is the fundamental basis for successful niche marketing. A great advantage of offering any eligible product to a niche market is that it allows for a concentrated, specific advertising campaign, targeted to a specific demographic, psychographic, behavioral or geographic segment through whichever medium is most effective at reaching the specific population.30This allows efficient use of advertising budgets. Precision falls within the class of goods that could tender itself as a niche product. Developed to be the best toothbrush possible and placed in th e super-premium category, this toothbrush is inherently a niche product.Members of the public most interested in this toothbrush would be those in the Involved oral health consumers groups therapeutic and cosmetic brushers. Therapeutic brushers are interested in functionally effective products and differentiate between brands.31 both(prenominal) segments of customers would appreciate the scientific data Colgate-Palmolive has complied on this toothbrush. The facts that the initial clinical trials removed an average of 35% more plaque over that of Reach and Oral-B, and that it assists in the step-down of the likelihood of gum disease, would be effective information for this group.32Unlike the mass market, these are issues which a niche market segment would comprehend and about which they would care.Niche market participants are also more likely to pay a premium for this product due to the fact that Precision caters to a distinct set of needs they have. With this type of positioning, a 15% increase in price above Oral-B regular would be anticipated, bringing the cost to consumers to $2.13 per unit (more aligned with Oral-B Indicator). A mainstream market could only be anticipated to pay $1.85, in accordance with the Oral-B regular line.33As Precision was conceived more as a niche-type product, initial production was set for the lower demands of the smaller market segment. As discussed previously, to change the natural emphasis of the toothbrush to mainstream distribution would require a major overhaul of intercommunicate production schedule and costs due to the increase number of units required.Additionally, to keep Precision as a specialized product means that the new product is less likely to invade the market share of other Colgate-Palmolive products, like the Colgate Plus. This would also preserve the number of SKU that Colgate-Palmolive currently produces in the toothbrush sector.Niche markets historically attract fewer competitors.34This gives time and ro om for a new product such as Precision to establish itself and build up a market share before it may have to fight against a new contender.DisadvantagesMarketing the Precision product to a niche market would generate less revenue for Colgate-Palmolive than a mainstream approach. Working with the estimated figures for the first two years of release generates the following table.Niche marketingMainstream marketingYear 1Year 2Year 1Year 2No. units sold8MM15MM27MM44MMFactory list price$2.13$1.85Total revenue generated$17,040,000$31,950,000$49,950,000$81,400,000Obviously, the niche market revenue is importantly less than the mainstream market revenue, despite the 13% higher price.ConclusionDeveloping and communicating a positioning strategy for a product is necessary and critical. Differentiating a product, and the degree to which that product is differentiated, can be guided by quantifying the following criteriaImportanceDistinctivenessSuperiorityPreemptivenessAffordabilityProfitability Using these parameters, a company can provide the public with a reason to buy their product.35Another tool used in solving the marketing mix problem companies face when founding a new product is a perceptual interpret.36This is a graphic representation of two or more features against which similar products can be ranked. When graphed, the resulting map displays areas to which the product types cater, revealing both areas of over population and areas of potential opportunity. Clusters of products exist when similar products appeal to the same consumer market participants. In these areas, competition is intense, therefore, they are not as attractive when positioning a new product. An optimal plan is to create a space within the product market that is relatively allay of rivals and can enable a new product to develop and dominate.A perceptual map for Precision was created from the following dataToothbrushPriceBenefitsClassColgate Precision0.80.9Super PremiumOral-B Indicator0.80.8Sup er PremiumOral-B uniform0.70.6Super PremiumCrest Complete0.50.6Super PremiumReach advanced(a)0.60.5Super PremiumAquafresh Flex0.70.7Super PremiumColgate Plus0.40.4ProfessionalReach Regular0.30.4ProfessionalPepsodent Professional0.20.4ProfessionalColgate Classic-0.4-0.1 orderPepsodent Regular-0.3-0.1ValueButter GUM Microtip0.3-0.1ValueButter GUM Supertip0.40.1ValueMenedent Pro-Core0.70.7ProfessionalOral-B cross action10.8Super PremiumGeneric Eckerd Interdental-0.5-0.2ValueGeneric Eckerd Angle-0.7-0.2ValueCrest Advantage10.8Super PremiumRecommendationUsing these evaluative criteria in relation to the advantages and disadvantages of niche and mainstream marketing, we look at that Colgate-Palmolive should position the Precision toothbrush as a niche product. This would establish Precision as the leading toothbrush on the market at a competitive price. It would be a superior and distinctive oral care product.However, we believe this product would also work in the mainstream market and we envision it moving towards the mass market in the future. Once the toothbrush has established itself as a high quality product with specialty features, we believe that Colgate-Palmolive could transition the product to a wider audience. This will also allow time for Colgate to reconcile the position that the Colgate Plus product will hold relative to the Precision line.Further, we anticipate no significantly negative issues will be encountered by initially marketing Precision as a niche product and then moving it into the mainstream market. We do not believe the opposite would be true, as a niche market will most likely not accept a product that has been offered to the masses as the best value, and then marketed as a specialty item.The anticipated cyclical nature of the product on the market is well illustrated by the Boston Consulting Groups Growth-Share matrix.37The Precision toothbrush will begin as a question mark. This means the company will spend money developing and establ ishing the product in anticipation of increasing its market share. Subsequently, the hope would be for Precision to become a star, meaning it has been successful by obtaining a high market share and growth rate. If the product evolves into a mainstream offering by this time, the company will reap higher rewards.Going even further into the future, the toothbrush will most likely decrease its market growth rate while maintaining its high market share. At this phase the product will be a cash cow. Revenues produced from Precision at this phase can be used to establish other question marks and/or subsidize other stars if required. The closing phase in this products life cycle will be a decline into dog status. This refers to the product when it has weak market share and low growth. At that point, Precision would need to be removed from the companys product line, allowed to decline further or all together repositioned in the market.At this point, the research and development phase for P recision has been completed, a thorough analysis has been performed on the current market situation, and a marketing strategy has been recommended. The final aspects of launching a new product must now be investigated product, price, place and promotion.PRODUCTColgate-Palmolive has many important decisions to make regarding the new toothbrush before it becomes available on store shelves for customers to purchase, including the positioning strategy for the new toothbrush. To reach a conclusion, the new toothbrush must be analyzed on three product levels the core product, the actual product, and the augment product so that customers needs are fully understood and the Precision toothbrush is correctly marketed to meet those needs.Since we are recommending that Colgate-Palmolive choose a niche market for Precision, the core benefit that the toothbrush will deliver to its users is plaque removal. Less plaque in turn leads to the added benefit of a reduction of the lik